Functionalism and Poverty

Bethune cookman university | Poverty: From A Functionalist & A Conflict Perspective| Social Problems – SO 132| | John Arthur Jackson, III| 9/29/2012| This assignment will analyze two different forms of social analysis and how it relates to explaining the existence of poverty. | Functionalists Perspective & It’s View Concerning Poverty As it concerns social analysis, the functionalists believe that society is a stable, and orderly system comprised of interrelated, and interdependent parts all working together to achieve homeostasis (equilibrium).As far as the individual is concerned, they view them as being shaped by society, a relatively passive people molded by their experience and interactions with society. Any change that occurs in society is deemed disruptive and the system would seek to restore balance quickly. In addition, any part that is dysfunctional is correlated to the system as a whole, and there is not one thing that stands in isolation from the other. Conc erning poverty, functionalists argue that poverty is not as apparent as the figures put it. There is a consensus that even though poverty is a social problem, it isn’t as abundant as we think it is.This consensus is come to after the functionalists take into consideration the antipoverty benefits that are available for those who experience and just like that poverty is much lower than popular belief. So in lament terms functionalists claim that if we take into account all of the available benefits that are for poor people then we would come to a conclusion that poverty is lower than estimation. As you can see, poverty from this perspective is just a way of life, and perhaps probably an incentive, encouraging everyone to work that much harder to promote overall well-being and possible social mobility.Possibly, there is an ultimate balance by the existence of poverty by depicting a clear division of power and wealth. There will always be the rich, and there will always be the p oor and thus balance. Poverty, serves to remind those who aren’t in that position to have a reason to attain or to achieve just to avoid having to conform to the problem of poverty. Also, the existence of poverty allows others to compare themselves to, just to make the contrast between the two provide certain thankfulness to their situation. As to say that, whatever they are going through couldn’t get that much worse than someone who is already in poverty.Conflict Perspective & It’s View Concerning Poverty The idea that society is just a continuous power struggle between social classes over the availability and allocation of scarce resources would be the perspective of the Conflict Theorists. The premise of their argument is that there doesn’t need to be a reason to place blame on people who find themselves in an impoverished socioeconomic condition. Logically, if we continue to place blame on the people who are living in poverty, we continue to shift the focus off of the problem and onto the individual which shouldn’t be the case.There should be a firm emphasis on the bigger societal problems that occur by the hands of the unstable capitalists and avaricious elitists who continue to perpetuate a falsified ideology for people to believe in. Conflict Theorists claim that poverty â€Å"†¦ is rooted in past and present prejudice and discrimination that keeps people of color out of the economic mainstream†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Kendall 2012). The subpar socioeconomically related living conditions that impoverished African Americans and other minorities find themselves in are just the fuel to the fire. †¦ Inadequate housing, sub-standard schools, and crime-ridden neighborhoods†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Kendall 2012) causes the high poverty rate among the aforementioned racial groups. The lacks of regulated social policies that concern the ever-present and ongoing problems of economic inequality continue to perpetuate the capitalistic ideo logy as well as subordinate the ethnic groups that face this alienation. The conflict theorists agree that the structural problems (substandard schools, inadequate housing etc. 😉 are beyond the poor person’s control.So in order to rectify this situation, it would behoove the nation’s political and business leadership to formulate a way to compensate people who are living in poverty in accordance to being able to afford the basic necessities of life. In addition, the wealthy must face a tax cut, so that the middle class can strengthen and the lower class can shrink. In other words, in order to significantly reduce the problem of poverty; conflict theorists believe that we must stop blaming the victim for being poor, but instead find a way that benefits and help the poor people become more affluent, not financially only but economically as well.

How far do you think Twelfth Night succeeds as a comedy?

When one considers the convention of the Elizabethan romantic comedy, a light-hearted tale of love in which obstacles are overcome- often to resolve with a marriage, Shakespeare’s Twelfth Night certainly challenges the convention. Although the resolution of the joining of three couples: Orsino and Viola; Olivia and Sebastian and Sir Toby and Maria satisfies the criteria for a romantic comedy in some way, the bizarre nature in which some of these relationships come about makes the audience question the likelihood of their successes. In addition, Shakespeare leaves an open denouement in that the amorous outcomes some characters (Malvolio, Antonio and Sir Andrew) are negative- being left alone or unresolved. The melodramatic manner in which Orsino muses over Olivia at the very start of Act 1 seems to suggest that the unrequitedness of love is more for comedic value rather than a valid representation of true love and thus cannot be taken seriously. Orsino’s hyperbolic soliloquy of his love, â€Å"give me excess of it, so that it may sicken and so die† and later the pun of â€Å"was I turned into a hart, and my desires, like fell and cruel hounds, e'er since pursue me† support this as this painful love is unbelievably developed seeing as he hardly knows Olivia and one could say he is in love with the chase of Olivia- the challenge. To me, this behaviour is reminiscent of the young Romeo’s fanciful love for Rosaline when he soliloquises with confused oxymoronic language, and, as in Romeo and Juliet, it could be interpreted that Shakespeare uses Orsino to make a satirical comment on the shallowness of courtly love. The contrived speech Orsino gives to Cesario to recite to Olivia, a common occurrence in Elizabethan times, includes â€Å"most radiant, exquisite and unmatchable beauty. There is a lack of conviction in these disingenuous words- only used to fulfil the romantic expectation. This disingenuousness is further comedically lampooned by Shakespeare by the way in which Cesario explains that this speech â€Å"took great pains to study† and how she â€Å"can say little more than [she has] studied. † This foreshadows the fact that lack of love or happiness will be present at the ending. However, when one compares this relationship to that between Orsino and the revealed Viola at the climax, it seems as though it was inevitable, as Orsino seems attracted to Cesario’s feminine features from the start, as he states that â€Å"Diana's lip is not more smooth and rubious; thy small pipe is as the maiden's organ, shrill and sound, and all is semblative a woman's part,† which provokes comical dramatic irony to the audience. In addition, the iambic pentameter which the two share in act 2 scene 4, â€Å"Viola: I should your Lordship. Orsino: And what's her history? Viola: Sir, shall I to this lady? Orsino: Ay, that's the theme† has become synonymous with the inevitability of a couple’s destiny to be together, highlighting the balance the couple share with each other and is used frequently in Romeo and Juliet for this reason. However, it could also be said that the success of this relationship is unlikely due to the fact that Orsino goes as far as to wish death upon Cesario, although I believe that Shakespeare uses this purely to express Orsino’s frustration for having sexual feelings towards a boy, and feelings which seem more genuine than his courtly, more suitable love for Olivia, although Cesario does continue to call Viola â€Å"Cesario† and â€Å"boy,† which could mean that Orsino’s dramatic purpose is to prove that one can be attracted to both the masculine and feminine features of a person, as Shakespeare seemed to have experienced himself as mentioned in the â€Å"two loves† of sonnet 144. Shakespeare portrays a more blatant presentation of homosexual attraction through Antonio. To me, Antonio’s love for Sebastian seems the truest of all, with him revealing the extent of which as he says â€Å"I do adore thee so, that danger shall seem sport and I will go†, and he does keep to his word as he is willing to enter Orsino’s court, going as far as risking his life, yet Shakespeare leaves him â€Å"unhappy and alone. Shakespeare uses this love to make a serious point rather than a comedic one about how the most passionate loves can be found in circumstances other than the conventional man and woman, as at the time of the play, homosexual relationships in theatre were usually presented in a ridiculous manner for comedic value to laugh at the ostensible folly of it, or mere carnal lust, as opposed to the utter devotion spoken of when Antonio says â€Å"if you will not murder me for my love, let me be your servant,† whereas in Twelfth Night, the most conventional love, that between Orsino and Olivia, is the least realistic- and Antonioâ⠂¬â„¢s for Sebastian the most. Antonio’s loving actions juxtapose with the disingenuous fancifulness of Malvolio’s mere speeches of love- proving Shakespeare’s intent for the construction of a more genuine homosexual love. Antonio expresses his love beyond words- offering Sebastian his purse for the eventuality that his â€Å"eye shall light upon some toy [he is] willing to purchase. † This selfless sacrifice of something necessary to Antonio for the mere materialistic pleasure of his beloved is quite representative of their quite one-sided relationship of servitude. When Cesario is mistaken for being Sebastian, fitting in with the recurring theme mistaken identity, the intensity of Antonio’s passion is revealed. His feelings of betrayal and solitude are not, however, resolved with the revelation that Cesario is not in fact Sebastian, as shortly after, before Antonio can even think of having Sebastian to himself, he is engaged to Olivia. As Laurie E. Osborne puts it, Antonio’s final predicament â€Å"gives us at this moment an image of loss that it can do little to assuage, since at the end Antonio finds Sebastian only to stand silently by, watching him commit himself to Olivia. † Also, earlier in the play, Sebastian’s â€Å"my kind Antonio, I can no other answer make but thanks, and thanks; and ever thanks; and oft good turns† suggests that Sebastian aware of Antonio’s romantic feelings for him, but respectfully denies him, stating that he’d prefer a platonic relationship. The aforementioned melancholy of Antonio’s predicament at the play’s denouement is a message too sombre to succeed comedically to a modern audience due to the attenuation of heteronormativity over time, thus making empathy for a homosexual love easier. However, this comedic aspect of the play may have succeeded to an Elizabethan audience due to a lack of â€Å"queer love† acceptance. Nevertheless, I believe that, due to Shakespeare’s ostensible bisexuality (evidenced through such works as sonnets 15, 18 and 20) it is probable that Antonio’s misfortune in his love for Sebastian is intended to be sympathised with- most likely failing at this to an Elizabethan audience. However, of course, as it is a Shakespearean romance, it is one of many to consider and thus cannot deem the play a holistic failure with regards to its comedy. The amorous feelings which Sir Andrew has for Olivia throughout the play are completely unrequited, although, unlike Antonio, the audience never really empathises with him due to his function being solely to fulfil the low-comedic aspects of the play- Shakespeare constructing an â€Å"aristocratic fool† stock character in Sir Andrew, seeming almost incapable of emoting the complexity in which love is presented in Twelfth Night, the wittier Sir Toby, who fulfils the high-comedic aspects of the play seem to understand what true love is, therefore Shakespeare succeeds in making Sir Andrew’s unhappiness and aloneness comedic. Sir Toby lampoons Sir Andrew, presenting Sir Andrew’s stupidity to the audience- reinforcing that the audience shouldn’t feel guilty for laughing at him. The ridiculousness of the duel scene between Sir Andrew and Cesario over Olivia makes it one of the most comically entertaining scenes in the play, and yet, beneath the folly of its surface, proves Sir Andrew’s devotion to Olivia, making his feelings seem unimportant to the audience, regardless of their truth, therefore succeeding in being a comical ending in this instance. Malvolio is, like Sir Andrew, left alone without sympathy from the audience. Tricked by Sir Toby, Maria and Sir Andrew and seeking revenge, it could be interpreted that Shakespeare uses Malvolio to lampoon the prudish views of the Puritan- Maria calling him â€Å"a kind of Puritan,† a â€Å"time-pleaser† and an â€Å"affectionate ass† due to the Puritanical traits which Shakespeare had installed into him, the combination of these surely indicating that Shakespeare intended on making â€Å"Puritan† a negative insult because during the period of the play’s release, Puritans tried to close down theatres due to their lack of concurrence with Puritanical doctrines. However, Malvolio’s true religious views are never explicitly mentioned, possibly so that a Puritanical backlash wouldn’t occur. Alternatively, as Allison P. Hobgood interprets, â€Å"Malvolio hides his truer â€Å"appetites†[for higher power and status] beneath a constructed outer persona, a â€Å"shell† of sobriety, moderation, and propriety. The steward merely acts the role of a Puritan, that is, and hence is perhaps much more un-puritanical than one might imagine. † Malvolio’s construction fits the criteria of the Theophrastian stock character Mikrophilotimia, or â€Å"the man of petty ambition,† the word â€Å"petty† in this categorisation enabling the audience to laugh at Malvolio’s misfortune, thus succeeding comedically. The Humanistic revival of the Renaissance Era makes it highly likely that Shakespeare was conscious of this allusion in his production of the play. Feste brings the play to its denouement with his dejected song, repeating the line â€Å"for the rain, it raineth every day† encapsulating the dark, serious undertone of the play-without which it could be easily interpreted as a resolved, conventional romantic comedy, although Feste’s song reminds the audience that not all characters are left happy and fulfilled. The fact that Feste, a mere â€Å"fool,† gets the concluding lines of the play highlights the transposition of social roles which is an important part of the Twelfth Night festival on which the play is based. Feste, contrary to his title of the â€Å"fool† is also one of the wisest characters, and thus has the power to see and tell beyond the play’s superficially happy plot. To conclude, I believe that the characters which are left â€Å"unhappy and alone† are usually characters used by Shakespeare to be laughed at as opposed to sympathised with- with the subtle exception of Antonio, who is meant to send a more serious message to the audience over sexuality, thus succeeding as a comedy, yet one which deviates from the conventions of its time. Considering the alternative title of the play, â€Å"What You Will,† perhaps a conclusion can be drawn that Shakespeare wants us to make what we will of the ending, using an open denouement whose continuation is to be interpreted as being cheerfully comedic or sombrely serious.

Mobile Computing and Social Networking Essay

1Introduction Tiny, portable gadgets, such as pocket digital assistants (PDAs) and mobile phones have been in the recent years pushed on the mark. Mobile or ubiquitous computing and handy gadgets are changing the relations between computers and humans.there is an introduction of a new communication approach based on context. This approach enables people to interact with computers, objects and environments seamlessly. Mobile computing devices have enabled composite cooperation and communication patterns that were not dreamt of in the past years. They possess vital features in portability, ability to share information using communication networks; wireless, and synchronizing the information with other standardized gadgets. There have drastic changes in the technological landscape in the past years led by the emergence of mobile computing devices focusing on consumer preferences. The rapid increase in use of mobile computing gadgets is nowadays noticeable in the medical or healthcare industry. The healthcare industry has never been a frontrunner in terms of Information Technology and computing in relation to caring for patients and clinical trials. Health care providers are adopting new and innovative ways using mobile computing platforms to support patient care. Thus through a constant drive to find a new method of improving the quality of patients’ lives, the health care industry has benefited. This has seen the enormous growth of wearable portable systems, monitoring the patient’s conditions for vital signs. This paper focuses in assessing the concept of monitoring patients using mobile computing gadgets transmitting using wireless technology. It also assesses the use of social networks to group support for patients with similar medical conditions. 2Monitoring patients using wearable, mobile gadgets 2.1concepts Mobile health monitoring systems have come handy in helping people to engage closely in their own health care. This technology involves the integration of a biosensor which monitors vital signs (such as heart rate, BP, temperature and other health-related information), environmental sensors, and a location sensor into a wearable wireless network. This allows an enduring, unobtrusive monitoring with immediate feedback to the patient or physician about the current status and a real time update of the user’s health data. The data makes up the EPR (electronic patient record), which allows the health status data of the patient to be accessed using many devices and heterogeneous networks. Mobile computing application in medicine allows access to EPR for consolidated information on patients from any location within the network. This advancement has brought about many benefits to the medical industry. However, it does not make a substitute for the direct eye to eye meeting between patient and the doctor due to the various setbacks it suffers. 2.2Advantages of using mobile computing to monitor patients Monitoring patients using wearable, mobile devices has a lot of merits as compared to the traditional inpatient visit by the patient. These include: 2.2.1Patient participation in their own health care This technology allows the healthcare providers to be close and interact more with patients. This grows the sense of ownership amongst patients and their relatives as they tend to take in more information and interact with it. This interaction provides the clinician an improved access to information thus leading to a better diagnosis. The resultant is a sense of ownership in the patients leading to high rates of diagnosis acceptance and following of post-diagnosis orders. 2.2.2Easier and quicker visibility of the patient’s condition The physician does not have to wait for laboratory results to be sent or telemetry to be done. The mobile computing devices allows for real time viewing of information. 2.2.3Increase in efficiency of healthcare The provider does not have to move from machine to machine, one room to the other seeking the patient’s data. Updated data can be accessed from the electronic patient records in real time by the wearable monitoring devices. This leads to swift and accurate decision making concerning patients issues since it relies on accurate data. 2.2.4Cost The development of these mobile devices can be realized within modest charges compared to specialty systems. The maintenance of these small but essential devices is also low compared to the specialty systems. This pulls down the cost of running mobile-computing monitoring devices. 2.3Disadvantages of using mobile computing to monitor patients Monitoring patients using mobile computing powered devices also suffer some setbacks. 2.3.1Health hazard The issue of radiations still is unclear posing uncertainties on its application. The health care industry players have not agreed on the standards of these devices. 2.3.2Technical stress Its application may bring more technical emphasis which can result in a stress issue to patients and medics (Brahnam & Jain, 2010). The patients’ data has to be stored securely. This is often a challenge because the users of these devices may be unequipped with the necessary level of expertise; to perform the encryption tasks. However, security is a point of concern in the application of these gadgets. An effective protocol or security measure should be used to ensure heavy security to the data accessed through them. This entails an implementation of strong access protocols at both the gadget and the network levels. Appropriate encryption measures should also be implemented to safeguard against unauthorized access of the information stored in the device, in case it lands in the wrong hands due to theft. However, these devices should be designed only to allow viewing of sensitive data locally on the mobile computing device rather than storing it. 2.4Use of social network to group support for patients Online health social networking sites give patients the privilege to obtain and disclose information on some health condition without disclosing their identities (Turban & Volonino, 2011). Support groups help patients to cope with the various conditions by providing social support and network of information to its members. Patients educate each other on the conditions and treatments using the social network. This often impacts the old doctor-patient relationship, and could develop a foundation for a market driven system where clients can make choices. Health oriented social networks are extremely beneficial to patients they provide an instrumental support by providing stress relieving services, financial assistance, advice and willingness to help. It offers nurturing support aiming at comforting stressed patients without necessarily solving the problems leading to the stress by making the patient feel cared. 3Conclusion The application of technology in the health industry has come a long way. Its adoption in the monitoring of patients has been extremely beneficial to both patients and doctors. However, there still concerns over the security of the many sensitive data passed on from one point to the other by these mobile devices. Improved security measures should be enacted, to ensure that the patient’s data is safe from external access since it may incriminate the privacy right of the patient. Health care oriented social network has been much of a platform where patients share their experiences. The healthcare providers get to acquaint themselves of the patients’ experiences and also market their services by engaging directly with the patients. * 4.0References Brahnam, S., & Jain, L. C. (2010). Advanced Computational Intelligence Paradigms in Healthcare 5: Intelligent Decision Support Systems. Berlin, Germany: Springer. Shahriyar, R., Bari, F., Kundu, G., Ahamed, S., & Akbar, M.(2009). Intelligent Mobile Health Monitoring System (IMHMS). In P.kostkova (Eds..), Electronic Healthcare: Second International ICST Conference, EHealth 2009 Istanbul, Turkey, September 2009 Revised Selected Papers (pp. 5-12). Berlin, Germany: Springer. Tan, J., (2005). EHealth Care Information Systems: An Introduction for Students and Professionals. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. Turban, E., & Volonino, L. (2011). Information Technology for management: Improving strategic and operational performance (8th ed.). Hoboken NJ: John Wiley & Sons.

Rhetorical Analysis of the Cinema I Shall Fight No More Forever Essay

Rhetorical Analysis of the Cinema I Shall Fight No More Forever - Essay Example Chief Joseph fudged and avoided his chasers for 90 days after travelling a very long errand until he eventually laid down his arm to General Nelson Miles following the total slaughter of his tribe from a five-day clash. After a long struggle, Chief Joseph decides to surrender and give a surrender speech. This surrender speech is extremely compelling, in spite of its shortness. With just a few number of words used, Chief Joseph was able to express the complete essence of a loss as likewise conveyed by the many Native peoples moved and dislocated from their abodes. He expresses ethos by the use of his modest reputation as one of the greatest leaders at the time; he epitomizes a man that is esteemed by the Native peoples. Chief Joseph's submission to General Miles signifies that incredible ability of words in demanding to ethos, pathos, and logos, his capability to enclose emotion in a group, and the correct identification of reason and audience. Chief Joseph causes the speech to become more compelling by recognizing all the varying age categories, making the in predicament influence every member of the tribe and making it a subject that menaces Native Americans all over the place. This ethos of the tribe as well as the arrangement and influence of a family likewise plays a significant part in the inclusion of pathos in his surrender speech. The movie appeals to the audience and encourages the youth to keep fighting and declaring the old people dead. Chief Joseph reminds his tribesmen that their interests and values must be protected especially for their native land. Chief Joseph uses these appeals in order to put more strength and power to his speech despite the brevity of time. He also employs descriptions of death of the other leaders to improve the essence of defeat in that these societies have lost the governance that managed every facet of their lives. Similarly, Chief Joseph utilizes the cold and deficiency of important ingredients to improve compassion to his tribe. The immobilizing cold and the dearth of blankets suggest the idea of seclusion and absence of energy and enthusiasm. The film employs various forms of language ranging from angry, sad, and confrontational. The language used is confrontational especially when Chief Joseph calls the youth to keep fighting for their interests. The language used is also sad. The unavoidable sense of defeat and misdirection is a very engulfing sensation that creates a sad language in the speech. The speech acknowledges the long struggle and the chase with people left homeless and with hunger. The sad language is still present in the film especially when Chief Joseph realizes that he has lost most of his tribesmen in the battle. The dialogue between the speaker and the audience is both logic and real. It appeals to the target audience and the feedback indicates that the message is reaching the intended audience. For example, Chief Joseph admits that he is tired and his heart is sick. Considerin g the shortness of the speech at 157 words in total, it definitely suggests the fact that he was already weary and exhausted. The phrase indicates the dialogue between the speaker and the audience. The narrator of the film is not biased in any form. The narrator presents both sides of the story and creating a balance that appeals to audience. The narrator appeals to the audience by creating suspense. The narrator has no hidden agenda that is likely to distract the audience and prevent them

Analyze a character of your choosing from any of the short stories we Essay

Analyze a character of your choosing from any of the short stories we have read and explain how that character illustrates a theme. (I picked the narrator from the cathedral by Raymond carver) - Essay Example Despite the fact that his wife has remained a friend to the blind man, Robert, for the last ten years, they have not met since then, and the narrator does not like the fact that Robert is visiting his wife after he lost his wife. Therefore, he is uncomfortable receiving the blind man in his house, and thus goes on to say, â€Å"a blind man in my house was not something I looked forward to† (Carver, 209). The narrator does not seem to appreciate what the friendship means to his wife, and he does not care about what the friend ship means to the blind man, who has just lost his wife. Thus, the narrator comes out as a person who only cares about his own feelings, in total disregard of what the others feel. In a further show of meanness, the narrator does not appreciate the fact that it was Robert who had assisted his wife in a suicide attempt after she got divorced from her former husband (Halpert, 44). Instead, the narrator seems to be concerned with the fact that Robert is part of his wife’s past, and consequently he becomes jealous. The narrator comes out as a person who is completely insensitive to the plight of other people. In fact, he narrates that his perception of a blind man is that from the movies, where they are neither found to be happy nor to laugh, while their movement is slow. The narrator says â€Å"My idea of blindness came from the movies† (Carver, 209). This indicates that he has never been concerned about people who have such disabilities, and in fact, the only time he becomes aware of them is through the movies. Making such statements in relation to a blind person with disability is really a display of insensitivity (Amir, 38). Further, instead of appreciating that the blind man is a capable man who has been able to bring up and keep a family until he lost his wife, the narrator feels pity for the wife of the blind

How Electricity Pooling differ from Bilateral contract system Essay

How Electricity Pooling differ from Bilateral contract system - Essay Example This was disbanded and replaced by the New Electricity Trade Agreements (NETA), which fostered the relationship of bilateral trading that did not allow for the inherent market manipulations seen in the Pool experience. The new agreements used a forward trade market by developing Power Purchase Agreements, constructed to enhance healthy economic competition. While the cost of development of NETA is debatable, the governing bodies of the Great Britain electricity service industry remain encouraged by the end results of NETA, as it delivered lowered costs for end-consumers and removed the ability of major players to manipulate the market. For an effective understanding of the electronic service industry and the marketing impacts it manifests, it is first important to understand the deliverables of energy distribution as a commodity. As a commodity, the electrical service contains unique and unequivocal attributes due to the amalgamated technical aspects which prevail in this service domain. The interconnected technical characteristics as well as the commoditized aspects of this industry in turn beget exceptional considerations in the manner of trade within the industry. The following summarises Steve Thomass (2006) description of the characteristics of electricity as a commodity. Electricity functions as a commodity with distinctive features that separate the electricity service industry from incommensurable service industries. Electricity, foremost, is a constant in the neoteric society, and secondarily the electricity service industry has a prevalent impact on the ecological aspect of the modern world, which separates it drastically from standard service markets-except perhaps the manufacturing industries. In the archetypal industries, the product can be stored to allow for effective supply and demand distributions when a service product becomes diminished or bounteous, the suppliers have the ability to control the

Topic is how did Steve Jobs has influenced people's, or my own ideas Essay

Topic is how did Steve Jobs has influenced people's, or my own ideas - Essay Example I am focused on doing the same because I have decided that I wont do anything I don’t want to as I want to focus my energy in doing what am best at in order to achieve my objectives in life. He always gave the best at what he was doing in order to perfect it with the objective of giving the customers the best there can ever be. One of the major lessons I got from him is that life is short hence I have to maximize the use of my time in order to achieve my goals. Furthermore, mistakes are there to make us better citizens and come back much stronger than before. I take my mistakes as life lessons and I do my best not to repeat them and do things differently so as to achieve my objectives in life. I also study the lives of my friends and other people and get the best out of them and avoid the mistakes that they made in life. This has made me who I am today and I still remain focused on achieving greater things in life. He used his personal life experiences during his speeches and this inspired me a lot as I always aspired to be like him. His insistence on not losing faith during hard times often guides me during difficult times. I now understand that there is no time for being hopeless as life is too short to even think of despairing. I am now focused in everything I do and I don’t despair at all regardless of the hardships I face in life. The various challenges and obstacles that tend to inhibit my success in life only make me stronger and wiser and give me confidence every time I manage to overcome them. My mistakes make me a better person because what is important is not to repeat them and stay focused on discovering new ways of doing things. Through his speeches, I managed to understand and appreciate the importance of utilizing the few resources I have at my disposal. Success is not based on doing big things because you may die struggling to achieve that and not do it at all. It is based on utilizing the available resources to get the best out of them. When he said that people don’t realize what they have until they lose them, I was moved because he was stressing on the importance of guarding what we have and using them wisely in order to get the best out of them. Things like time and natural resources are not renewable and should be well utilized for maximum output. We only live once and aging is not reversible so we should do all the things that we are capable of doing in good time so we don’t regret in the future when it’s a little too late. It is important to be yourself and do things in your own unique way. Being original and sticking to oneself helps in discovering and sticking to personal talents as opposed to imitating what the others are doing. This is very important because it ensures that one concentrates at what he is good at and likes doing as opposed to imitating something that is beyond your ability. Setting personal achievable goals is the basic thing here as it drives one to succeed in a given task within a given time frame. It also eliminates the possibility of trying to achieve impossible things because other people are doing them and succeeding with ease. This goes hand in hand with ignoring those who criticize what you are doing and think that you are either crazy or bound to fail. The society has these kinds of people that will either mock you or pull you down so you don’

Business Ethics is an Oxymoron Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Business Ethics is an Oxymoron - Essay Example Liss then tries to justify this by saying that, these lies are not simply lies but the rules of business hence making it appear as if a business cannot thrive in the absence of lies. Such and similar comments, which a substantial number ascribe to have given rise to a saying that business ethics is an oxymoron. Focus on this particular branch of business studies can be accredited to recent business scandals (Nyberg 2008, p.587). In order to understand that, business ethics is an oxymoron, it is imperative that one defines the meaning of the terms both from a semantic and pragmatic point of view. Semantically they are not opposites hence the oxymoron cannot be an overtone. However, when the contextual pragmatics is taken into consideration, one cannot fail to notice some reasonable degree of logic in the assumption. Business ethics are defined as a critical and structured examination of how people engaged in business should behave in relation to their customers, neighboring society, t he environment labor and any other individuals or institutions likely to be influenced by their action or inactions. This point of view is, {"status":"TOOLBAR_READY", "toolbar":206720000} however, not a true representative of the fats on the ground since business and ethics do not always contradict each other. Nonetheless, several aspects of the business of making the profit directly contradict what is considered moral, or ethical. This paper will discuss what aspects of business practice contradict business ethics using various examples to show the polarity that sometimes exists, but with the view of demonstrating that business and ethics do not have to be in contradiction. This is so since ethics are in existence not to make businesses profitable, but to make it fair for all stakeholders including consumers, the society, employees and competing for business.  

Compassion fatigue Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Compassion fatigue - Essay Example The condition can affect an individual at a personal level and professionally as noted by Figley (1995). The effects of the condition include reduced productivity, reduced ability to focus, self doubt and feelings of incompetence. Other signs of the disorder include isolation, substance abuse and bottled up emotions. Caregivers need to realise that just one story that overwhelms their ability to sensualise an event can lead to compassion fatigue. Compassion fatigue is mainly caused when caregivers witness marks of trauma in other people’s lives to an extent that they get overwhelmed (Van & Rothenberg, 2009). Some of the common causes of the disorder include working with suicidal ideation, hearing stories of child abuse, dealing with people suffering from terminal illnesses, providing care to people who have suffered the loss of a loved one , and providing care to rape survivors, just to mention a few. For caregivers to provide high quality services without succumbing to compassion fatigue, they should take care of their physical, spiritual and emotional needs. They should be in good physical health so as to be able to overcome the physical pressures that are exerted on them in the course of work. Emotionally, nurses get affected as they handle different cases, some of which are traumatic. The nurses need to find a way of easing the emotional stresses that they experience taking measures to ensure that these do not build up gradually or progressively. Yet again, nurses need to get in touch with their spiritual selves so as to have an assurance of being under the protection of a superior being. In as much as compassion fatigue can cause a lot of suffering and pain, caregivers can overcome its effects by learning its symptoms and taking appropriate actions to avoid or overcome the disorder in case it takes root

Textual Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 4

Textual Analysis - Essay Example Victor’s father’s death is the central event that unites Victor and Thomas. Without this death, in Phoenix, Arizona, both men would have continued to live their lives unchanged. As the trip begins, Victor wants only money from Thomas to make this trip alone. When Thomas stipulates that Victor can only have money for the trip, if he is allowed to come along, Victor reluctantly agrees. As the journey unfolds Victor finds that Thomas is worth much more than the money for the trip. Although it is no exaggeration to say that the trip is the most important event to accomplish in the beginning, in the end the trip itself was the important event. The use of flashback in this story helps the reader understand the past between Victor and Thomas. Without the understanding of Victor and Thomas’ past, the reader would be unable to grasp the importance of the trip for Victor’s father’s ashes. Since they are both Native Americans, death and life are perceived differently on the reservation, than in the white community of Spokane, Washington. Thomas’ storytelling relates the foundation of both young men in order for the reader to understand the importance of the trip. Not only Victor, but Thomas had a special relationship with Victor’s father as well. Thomas told Victor of the remembrance with his father during the long journey. He was thirteen years old, having a dream to get to Spokane. He stood there for awhile to have a vision at the falls waiting for the vision all Native American men have around that age. Instead of a vision, when he opened his eyes Victor’s father appeared. He took Thomas to a Denny’s restaurant, fed him and drove him home to the reservation. And then Thomas realized Victor’s father was his vision and dream that people are living under taking care of each other. He almost thought his dream betrayed him before that, but he was salvaged

Executive summary for Corporate Finance Valuation Essay

Executive summary for Corporate Finance Valuation - Essay Example This is because it gives clear information on the return on investment and the shareholders value that is payable to investors. The analysis focuses on Balfour Beatty Corporation that is a high rank engineering company with global presence. The company provides a wide range of products and services with an aim of meeting its shareholders and customer needs promptly. This report provides an in-depth analysis of the company’s shareholders value, its key variables, sensitivity evaluation and issues that threatens to compromise its performance. The aim is to identify its performance level and viability that is critical in enabling accurate investment decisions. Introduction Balfour Beatty plc is a renowned corporation that focuses its synergy in providing quality infrastructural and engineering services. The company strives to achieve its key objective that is to be the leading producer of quality engineering services globally. It is also set with an aim to maximize its key resour ces to enhance shareholders value. The company started its operations in the year 1909 as a small entity with a capital base of 50,000million Pounds. It has recorded a tremendous growth that has seen it expand its network to over 80 countries. The company’s exemplary performance is attributable to its effective shareholders value management and product development. ... The company is also credited for its strong focus on shareholders value that remains a key driver of performance in most settings. The element that defines the amount of return on investment shareholders are to achieve is vital in ensuring sustainable growth. It has been one of the key drivers of the company’s performance and growth since it attracts more investors who inject colossal sums of funds. These funds help in steering growth and service delivery to customers who hold high expectations. Indeed, any organization that aspires to record exemplary performance or attract more investors especially in the current business environment should develop viable resource maximization techniques. This report aims at giving credible information based on corporate finance valuation with focus to shareholder value analysis. It adopts Balfour Beatty plc as its case study. Definition of SVA and its role Shareholder value analysis (SVA) is a performance indicator that measures the return on investment value that a company remits to shareholders (Ranadiv, 2009, P, 1). It gives a clear indication or information on the amount investors receive per shares held. It also measures a company’s financial capacity and value by comparing the returns that stockholders receive every financial year. This enables managers to make credible decisions pertaining to performance and attraction of new investors. Consequently, it facilitates investments decision-making since it gives investors a prior knowledge on a company’s performance and the expected returns (Ranadiv, 2009, P, 1). This is vital since investor’s interest is to earn returns on their investment and to receive refunds of the capital contribution.

The Truth of All Truths Essay Example for Free

The Truth of All Truths Essay Suppressing is suffering but suffering is better than admitting Suffering is better than hurting Suppressing is better. People are the worst LIARS, not simply because of not telling the truth but liars for being completely ignorant of the real thing or two about what one truly feels, what one truly wants Liars for putting up an act of being perfectly fine when in truth, one is really messed up Liars for making others feel certain warmth Liars for secretly thinking bad for a thing Liars for hiding what the inner persona is shouting Look at the bigger picture of life. Try to note the people who are living apart from their REAL selves. â€Å"I don’t want that†; but deep inside, that’s what they really long for. â€Å"I’m not mad†; but in truth, they’re really firing up. â€Å"It’s a joke†; but it’s the truth. â€Å"I don’t like you†; but deep inside, their hearts are breaking apart. â€Å"I’m okay†; but the reality is different. The truth is a word commonly associated with facts but the truth is hard to fathom, hard to interpret and hard to admit. You know what is the real truth governing the twists and turns of truths? It is the fact that person has the tendency to deny things because it’s the heart which tells each and everyone to stop and gather up, suppress. Not accepting things is a primary hindrance. Have you ever been into a situation when you want something so badly but then ended up not getting it? Have you ever been afraid of going prank with someone you treasure? Have you ever made something to get noticed? People, in one way or another, have undergone all of this, whether unconsciously or not, and reacted differently. However, what most people are doing is clinging onto something even if they know that it can’t be anymore. There will come a time when they may say they have already moved on; but, unconsciously, there really are wounds in their heart which bother them every time and the common mistake is denying this fact. People tend to move on without accepting their real limits and denying everything that their heart feels. The ultimatum of it all is that most people are afraid of hurting themselves- afraid of rejection, afraid to let it all out, afraid of negative reactions Why is there a need for that? The truth will set you free! Don’t make up an excuse because you’re having a lie with the most important factors in your life- you and your heart. The greatest truth to be realized is to know yourself, your own feelings and emotions. Wake up, people! Take it slow Live with it!

Ryanair business strategies and implications for Human Resources

Ryanair business strategies and implications for Human Resources This report covers the implications the business strategies proposed by BBAMBI consultants will have on the Human Resource Management (HRM) function of Ryanair. The strategies proposed by BBAMBI were to improve customer service, build the brand, and increase revenue and reduce costs. The implications these strategies have on the HRM function are managing the change associated with the strategies, training of customer facing staff, and introducing an effective performance appraisal system throughout the organisation. For Ryanair to maintain economic primacy in the budget airline sector they must be able to successfully manage the recommendations listed above. Introduction BBAMBI Consultants conducted an analysis of the external environment for Ryanair in order to consider strategies for future business operations. BBAMBI have suggested a number of strategies for immediate implementation and made recommendations for longer term strategies. The short term strategies included improving customer service, developing the company brand, and increasing revenue and reducing costs. The strategies which were more involved were recommended to be put into effect over a longer term were becoming more environmentally friendly and developing into other transport markets. The strategies have significant implications for Ryanairs Human Resource Management (HRM) function and this report will critically review these implications. The primary implications are change management, training, and implementing a more effective performance appraisal. Managing Change The report has identified some of the changes that will face Ryanair in the next few years due to the change in strategy. According to the CIPD, people management and development professionals have a significant role to play in any change management process. HRs involvement in various aspects of change can make the difference between successful and less successful projects (CIPD, 2009a). A number of issues have been addressed in the literature as having a negative impact on change management. Resistance to change is the main issue with individuals or groups possibly engaging in acts to block or disrupt an attempt to implement change. Evidence suggests that that this can be reduced by involving those it will affect in the decision making process. Individuals who have been involved in the diagnosis, planning, devising and implementation of change are more likely to feel positive about it (Marchington Wilkinson, 2008). 2.1 Lewins Three Step Model HR and management can plan for the changes at Ryanair by implementing Lewins three-step model of unfreezing, moving and re-freezing. By looking at change as a process with distinct stages the organisation can prepare and plan to manage the transition (Marchington Wilkinson, 2008). Lewins model attempts to analyse the forces (driving and restraining) that impact on change. The model offers advantages in planning for organisational change by providing a simple approach to making and sustaining change (McCarty, 2007). Limitations of the model are that it does not take into account personal factors that can affect change. The model also assumes that organisations operate in a stable environment (Burnes, 2004). (Millet, 2004) The first step in the process of changing behaviour is to unfreeze the existing situation or status quo. It is necessary for HR to try and overcome the strains of individual resistance and group conformity. To prepare employees at Ryanair for change, HR and management need to build a trust and recognition for the need for change (Kritsonis, 2004). The second step in the process is movement where employees will begin to resolve their uncertainly about the changes. A method that HR can use in assisting employees in the movement stage is to persuade employees that the status quo is not benefiting them (Kritsonis, 2004). The final step attempts to re-freeze or create acceptance for recent changes, to replace old beliefs with new ones. If this step is not taken it is likely that employees will revert back to the equilibrium (Goode, 2008). An action that HR can use to reinforce the new values is to include them in policies and procedures (Kritsonis, 2004). Training Development Ryanair needs to be able to improve customer satisfaction to gain a competitive advantage over their main competition, easyJet. Training of customer facing staff is vital for Ryanair to be able to successfully improve customer satisfaction, retention, and loyalty. Despite being costly, training of staff will improve upon customer satisfaction as many studies have shown (Aragon-Sanchez, et. al, 2003, pg. 961). Studies have found that the number of customer complaints significantly decreased after implementing training of customer service staff (Office Depot, 2006). In developing the training further, Ryanair should conduct a Training Needs Analysis (TNA) before implementing an on-the-job training and coaching programs for their customer facing staff. 3.1 Training Needs Analysis Learning Plan A TNA will assist Ryanair in determining any skills gaps their customer facing staff have in relation to their job requirements and current performance (Marchington Wilkinson, 2008). A TNA study will not only highlight where skills gaps exist, but should also determine the cause and solution (Stetar, 2005). During the TNA the organization should consider means other than training to achieve their desired results as many practitioners highlight that training is not necessary in every situation. (Marchington Wilkinson, 2008) (Stetar, 2005). Following on from the TNA report Ryanair should produce a learning plan, which will focus on the clear aims and main objectives which they are trying to achieve through the further training of staff. (Harrison, 2005,p122). For Ryanair the general aim is to improve customer service. A well planned training initiative may act as an enabler to Ryanair in achieving the business strategy and objective of increasing customer satisfaction (Tannenbaum Wo ods, 1992). 3.2 Training Ryanair need to pursue follow on training from their induction process. It has been noted from a previous study conducted by Kinnie (2000) that it is not just induction and technical training, but employees ongoing investment in workplace activities which enhances their training and skills (Kinnie, et. al, 2000 cited in Redman Wilkinson, 2009). It is believed that focusing on on the job training is the most effective means of training (Marchington Wilkinson, 2008). On the job training could also include coaching or mentoring. The CIPD (2009b) surveyed coaching within a variety of organisations and just over half described coaching as a learning and development intervention and the rest suggested it is used for organisational development and change management. Coaching has also been said to assist in improving weaknesses, tackling underperformance, and improving productivity. (Marchington Wilkinson, 2008). Despite training being an additional cost for Ryanair it may prove to achiev e enhanced customer service, leading to an increase in customers, and therefore higher profits, as many studies have shown that training of customer service staff results in higher customer satisfaction (Aragon-Sanchez, et. al, 2003, pg. 961). After the implementation of on-the-job training Ryanair will need to evaluate the effectiveness using the Kirkpatrick model of reaction, immediate, ultimate, and analyzing the return on investment (Marchington Wilkinson, 2008). The most applicable means of measurement for Ryanair is the ultimate level, which measures the strategic impact of training on the organization (Marchington Wilkinson, 2008). To measure the impact Ryanair should compare the number of previous customer complaints to the number of complaints after the training commenced. 3.3 Barriers to Learning There are however disadvantages to training and development from an organisational point of view. Some barriers to training include cost, time, lack of resources, lack of line manager support, lack of awareness of potential benefits and employee motivation, and fear of trained staff being poached by competing companies. (Cannell, 2008). Many companies compete on cost, just like Ryanair, and training is seen as an unjustifiable wastefulness and too costly (Bach Sisson, 2000). Therefore, Ryanair may be hesitant to implementing further training. Ryanair are a low cost, no frills airline and therefore need to keep all costs to a minimum. Furthermore, the fear of trained staff being poached could also be utilised as an excuse for Ryanair to not increase their training budget as trained staff might leave for a more lucrative competitor. Performance Appraisal 4.1 360 Degree Performance Appraisal It is suggested that all staff at Ryanair undergo 360 degree performance appraisal, with customer appraisal forming part of the 360 degree feedback for front-line staff. 360 degree feedback would allow the performance of those staff involved in each different strategy (customer service, branding, revenue and costs) to be monitored and managed more effectively. 360 degree feedback allows performance to be viewed from different perspectives and increases self-awareness (Armstrong Barron, 2004). Maybe et al (1998) state that one difficulty with 360 degree feedback is that the employee may attempt to manipulate the process, although this can be mitigated by expanding the number of people who are appraising the member of staff. Customer appraisal, in the form of mystery shopping and customer surveys, has been established as one of the ways to improve customer service in the strategic analysis and will expand the number of appraisers involved in the process. This report reinforces the value of the use of this technique and it is proposed that it is an extremely effective way to monitor the level of customer service provided as it is evaluated at the boundary between the Company and the customer (Redman Wilkinson, 2009). Mystery shopping has been criticised as a cynical way for employers to spy on their employees (Cramp, 1994). However, Erstad (1998) states that mystery shopping should instead be viewed as a well-elaborated plan which serves as a management tool for improving customer service as well as enhancing human resource management. A well developed mystery shopping programme that is effectively linked to reward and incorporates training can result in improvements in customer satisfaction by up to 20% (Parker, 1988). According to Dorman (1994), Mystery shopping should not be punitive and employees who fail the shopping task should be provided with training until customer service improves. The proposal suggests that customer service data should be obtained at set intervals through the use of customer surveys. Customer surveys can be effectively used as part of customer appraisal and are now being used more frequently (Redman Wilkinson, 2009). 4.2 Implementing Performance Appraisals Performance standards and objectives should be prepared and communicated by the employees line manager (ACAS, 2005). Marchington Wilkinson (2008) propose that training to develop analytical skills, review information collected and to provide effective feedback may be necessary. Performance appraisals should occur throughout the year and be a continuous process (ACAS, 2005). The performance appraisal process should be continually reviewed in order to ensure that it working successfully (IRS Employment Review, 2003). According to ACAS (2005) the success of implementing 360 feedback appraisals depends on the culture of the organisation and how carefully it is introduced. 5.0 Conclusion It is clear that the proposed business strategies will have significant impact on Ryanairs HRM function. In order for Ryanair to maintain its competitive advantage, the HR function will need to consolidate these factors and have the flexibility to meet the challenges they engender. In doing so, the HR function will shape the culture of the organisation in such a way that will allow the other changes to take effect. Ryanair need to effectively manage the change required in implementing the proposed business strategies as they will involve introducing further training and a new performance appraisal system. Introducing further training and new performance appraisals is vital in this shift in culture and the reciprocal relationship between both will lead to the opportunity for Ryanair to achieve the proposed business strategies of improving customer service, building the brand, and increasing revenue, and reducing costs.

The Channel Tunnel Project Construction Essay

The Channel Tunnel Project Construction Essay Two centuries ago, in 1802, a French mining engineer called Albert Mathieu was the first one to propose a tunnel under the English Channel to link the UK and France. Since that time several proposals have been put forward however none of them could be realized due reasons such as lack of technology or the critical relationship between these two countries. In July 1985 a proposal submitted by the Channel Tunnel Group/France-Manche (CTG/F-M) beat those put forward by their four main competitors and was accepted. This proposal was amongst others more favoured by the British and French government due to the privately funded nature, financial robustness and technological simplicity. Scope of the Project The channel tunnel was project was completed over 7 years time, involving 15,000 workers at the peak of construction. The tunnelling commenced in 1988 and began to operate in 1994. Eleven tunnel boring machines were used on both sides of the channel to cut through the chalk marl and to construct 3 tunnels, 2 for rails and 1 for maintenance. The shuttle terminals are at Folkestone and Coquelles near Calais and the main aim for constructing such a massive tunnel of 32 (50km)miles length, of which 23.6 (30km )miles are underwater, was to allow people to travel between those countries in an unprecedented travel time of only 35 minutes. Main Participants The main participants were Channel Tunnel Group/France-Manche (CTG/F-M), which formed a new entity called Eurotunnel (ET), a bi-national company. ET was owned by banks and 10 other companies and is the owner and operator of the project for 65 years, until 2052. and client of the contractor Transmanche Link (TML). Design, construction and commissioning fell in the responsibility area of TML and commissioning of the project. An interesting sidenote is that both groups consisted of employees from France and the UK. This project is supervised by the Intergovernmental Commission (IGC), on behalf of both governments to ensure the Eurotunnels compliance with the Concession. This body was in charge of the reviewing design, procedures, specifications and in particular issues related to environment, operation and safety of the tunnel. The Maà ®tre dOeuvre, an independent Consulting engineer, has been appointed technical auditor and was reporting to ET, the IGC and the Banks. Technology Used Eleven tunnel boring machines (TBM) have been used in total on both, the French and the British sides, to work their way through the chalk marl stratum, which is between the gray chalk and glauconitic layer. ( See Figure XXX). On the English terminals 6 TBMs were operating while on the French side five TBMs were used. Due to the high pressure nature of the water which were present in the folded and faulted chalk on the French side, three special TBMs, namely Earth Pressure Balance machines (EPBM), had to be used. On the English side, simpler but faster open face TBMs started digging from the Shakespeare Cliff. On average the TBMs worked 873 m per month. In the best month it set a world record of 1,719m per month which yet has to be beaten. Project Life Cycle 1) Initiation April 1985 Promoters were formally invited by the French and UK government to submit scheme proposals for a fixed link between those countries -January 1986 Mandate awarded to the Channel Tunnel Group/France-Manche -Feb 1986 Treaty of Canterbury is signed allowing the project to go ahead Setup of IGC to supervise the project -April 1987 French Parliament allows the project 2) Planning Design and Financing Jan 1987 Design phase was relatively short as it was based on the 1975 project and the proposal which was submitted in 1985. Aug 1987 TML and 5 banks (Founder Shareholders) put initial equity of  £47 million (Equity 1) -Sep 1987 Loan syndication of  £6bn with the European Investment Bank (EIB) Oct 1987- Private placement of  £206m in shares with institutions (Equity 2) Nov 1987 Public Issue (Equity 3) worth  £750 million and  £5bn bank loan is agreed Nov 1990 Rights Issue (Equity 4) Second round of financing worth  £566 million Nov 1994 Rights Issue (Equity 5) Second round of financing worth  £566 million 3) Execution and Controlling June 1988 First tunnelling commenced in France Dec 1988 British TBMs start to drive towards France Dec 1990 Service tunnel breaks through under the sea linking the UK and France 4) Closure (Delivery) Dec 1993- Contractor TML hands tunnel over to client ET May 1994 The tunnel was formally opened by HM The Queen and President Mitterran -June 1994 First passenger train travelled through the tunnel beneath the English Channel, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ A brief definition of the roles and responsibilities of the project sponsor and the project manager at each of the stages of the life cycle shown above. The project manager was appointed in the initiation phase after the concessioner agreement was signed. Separate project managers were appointed to manage the British side and French side; they were Atkins and Partners (UK) and Setec (France) respectively. During the initiation phase the project managers planned the project, agreeing on milestones and determining the tasks that would need sub-contracting. The project sponsors Eurotunnel justified the funding required and set up the success criteria. In the equity phase the project manager did not have a very big role. The optimistic plan to open the tunnel by May 1993 meant that the design phase was short with insufficient accuracy and detail. This had many repercussions and was the main contributor to the delays felt later on in the project. In this stage the project manger was managing the over all drive of the project and ensuring the design met the concessions specifications. Eurotunnel set the time, cost, and quality specifications and set all minimum constraints. All major changes made to the design had to be approved by the sponsor. In the Development phase the project manager had to make a variety of managerial decisions to maintain and bring the project back on the required time schedule. The project manger was also in charge of ensuring there was sufficient linking of tasks. The two teams met monthly to review progress and adapt schedules. Eurotunnel monitored the project progress from an objective point of view. Eurotunnel also reviewed and had final say on all major changes made to the design in this phase. In the Delivery phase the project manger and the sponsors review the project and decide whether the deliverables had been met. The contractors TML and the project managers handed over full responsibility of the channel tunnel to Euro-Tunnel who would have to fulfil the Concessions agreement for the rest of the duration in which they would run the Tunnel. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ A statement of the ORIGINAL PROJECT OBJECTIVES: TIME The channel tunnel took 7 years to build. The first train carrying passengers and their cars journeyed to France on the 22nd December 1994. The initial plan has foreseen the tunnel to be ready on the 15th May 1993 therefore the work has been completed more than one and a half after schedule. COST The Channel tunnel is the largest privately funded project in history. It was clear from the beginning that the two governments would not get involved in the funding of the project as this was the only basis on which Margaret Thatcher, British Prime Minister, would accept the project. Funds have been raised through equity raising in capital markets and loan agreements. In total more than 200 banks, including the founder shareholder banks Natwest and Midlands in the UK and the French banks Credit Lyonnais, Banque Nationale de Paris, Banque Indosuez raised a total capital of  £4bn in various equity issues. The actual completion costs were at an 80% cost overrun in 1994 compared to the cost estimate of  £2600 compared by the contractor group TML in 1985. Underestimation of rolling stocks, changes in the fixed equipment work and terminals as well as the initially poor tunnelling process all contributed to the cost overrun. QUALITY As mentioned above an organizations such as Intergovernmental Commission(IGC) and Maà ®tre dOeuvre (MdO) was a form of engineering supervision employed by the Eurotunnel. The main task of this body was to monitor all activities on the project and write quarterly reports to keep government and banks updated whether the project was executed in accordance with the requirements of the Concession and the quality assurance standards established by TML. To achieve the required quality of standards a classification system has been used on the management plane to make the whole process more flexible by assessing and prioritizing the tasks. Although quality requirements were of equal importance for every single task, the management style was categorized in 3 different levels according to complexity, maturity of the technology and overall impact of the task.

Orlistat :: Obesity Science Pills Papers

Orlistat In today's world, people are turning more and more to the use of Pharmaceuticals to solve their problems or to improve their health. Drugs are beingused to treat everything from hair loss to impotency. There is a new pill being developed todayto treat the problems that people face due to obesity. Orlistat, which goes by the brand name Xenical, was invented and developed by Hoffman-La Roche Inc. Headquartered in Nutley, NJ, Hoffman-La Roche is an affiliate of the company known as Roche of Basel, Switzerland. This company wants to remind us that obesity is not just a cosmetic concern anymore but is associated with a risk for other life-threatening diseases. Many people are realizing this fact now and wish to do something about their weight problems before it becomes too late. The new pill is being advertised on television, magazines, newspapers, anthe Internet as a wonder drug that helps people take off the pounds and keep them off. Heart Information groupsalso claim that the drug reduces obesity-related risk factors, such as heartdisease, stroke, high blood pressure, cholesterol levels, and insulin levels. Orlistat claims to be a replacement for the diet drug Fen-phen, which was linked to heart valve damage. One man who took part in the longest and largest study ever done with this drug says, "In my adult life, I've always been 20 to 40 pounds overweight. It has always been a problem for me." He was able to drop 21 pounds and keep them off for two years by using orlistat along with maintaining a healthy diet. One can find numerous testimonies such as this one in magazines or on the world wide web. But just how effective is this drug and is it safe for those who use it? The appeal of orlistat to people who wish to use it is that is a new and safe approach to managing obesity. The safety of the drug is its most attractive feature because it is not absorbed into the body. Instead of reducing appetite as most diet drugs do, orlistat works as a lipase inhibitor, which means that it blocks intestinal absorption of fat by locking onto the enzyme in the gut that allows fat to pass across the intestinal wall. Only the fat is blocked, allowing proteins and carbohydrates to be absorbed.

Joan of Arc Essay -- Essays Papers

Joan of Arc Jeanne d’Arc, or La Pucelle, the Maid of Orleans became a national heroine and patron saint of France in the fifteenth century. She was born to Isabelle de Vouthon and Jacques Darc, small peasant farmers in the town of Domremy, near Champagne. She was the youngest of five children, and grew up learning to attend in the fields and housekeeping duties. She was quite skilled in sewing and spinning. Although illiterate, Joan was taught about religion and was known to be a pious child who spent a lot of time in prayer and petition, often kneeling in the church in quiet humility. People in her community thought of Joan as exceptionally advanced and mature for her age and had the reputation of being a tender hearted individual, especially to the poor. At around the age of thirteen, Joan became conscious of these voices or â€Å"counsel† that she heard. These voices were supposedly those of St. Michael, St. Catherine, and St. Margaret, believing that they had been sent by God. At first, she reported just hearing a voice, later, the voice(s) were accompanied by a figure. She was somewhat reluctant to speak of these voices. It was these voices that revealed her saintly â€Å"mission† gradually, that it was her divine mission to free her country from the English, aid the dauphin gain the French throne, and became certain that she was to go and help the King. It was then she felt urged to present herself to the commander of the King for a neighboring town, Robert Baudr...

The Significance of Islamic Calligraphy in the Muslim Culture Essay

Abstract Although it could be considered an insignificant part of society, Islamic calligraphy is crucial to its culture because of its role in religion and architecture, and its help in creating unity among Muslims. Calligraphy's function in religion is mainly due to the Muslim forbiddance of the "representation of living beings" (Schimmel, Islamic 11) in art. In architecture calligraphy is used to decorate the interior and exterior of buildings to help remind citizens of the purpose of the architecture: to glorify God. Lastly, calligraphy helps to unite Muslims because everyone must learn the Arabic language to participate in prayers and recitations. Introduction Islamic calligraphy is considered to have developed into an art during the time of Ali ibn Abi Talib, the fourth caliph and the son-in-law of Muhammad (Schimmel, Islamic 3). Not only a religious leader, Ali ibn Abi Talib was a great calligrapher and artist. The use and importance of Islamic calligraphy grew rapidly after his extensive development of the art. Muslims are cautioned against producing illustrations of living beings, therefore much of Islamic art is calligraphic. Although it is not seriously considered a real art form by many western societies, Islamic calligraphy is essential to its own culture because of its crucial role in religion, architecture, and creating unity among Muslims. Background Islamic calligraphy is unique in several distinct traditions. The letters of the alphabet can be written in different forms, making the writings difficult to read (Piotrosky 27). It is considered a noble art form, and has its own rhythm and harmony (Khan 7). It is written from right to left and lacks capitalization and punctuation marks (11). Each o... ...ans. Rosanna Giammanco Frongia. New York: Abbeville Press Publishers, 2001. Khatibi, Abdelkebir, and Mohammed Sijelmassi. The Splendor of Islamic Calligraphy. Paris: Thames and Hudson, 1994. Nasr, Seyyed Hossein. Islamic Art and Spirituality. New York: State University of New York Press, 1987. Parry, James. "Calligraphy as a Contemporary Art Form." Arts & the Islamic World 31 (1997): 54-55. ---. "First International Calligraphy Festival in Tehran." Arts & the Islamic World 31 (1997): 50-53. Piotrovsky, Mikhail B. Earthly Beauty, Heavenly Art: Art of Islam. Ed. John Vrieze. Amsterdam: De Nieuwe Kerk, 1999. Rosenthal, F. Four Essays on Art and Literature in Islam. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1971. Schimmel, Annemarie. Calligraphy and Islamic Culture. New York: New York University Press, 1984. ---. Islamic Calligraphy. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1970.

Disadvantages of Social Network Essay

Having a social network or using social network might bring a lot of benefits for students but it is not all sunshine and roses because everything in life will have it own advantages and disadvantages. Thus, the first disadvantages for using social network are it can reduce one learning and research capabilities. When it is too easy for them to have information the students will rely on the accessibility of information on social media specifically and the web in general to provide all the answers to their task. This will effect on the students learning and research capabilities as they only take the information exactly from the social media without learning the topic by heart. Everything is easy to them so the students will become less interested to learn the topic and they just do the research for the sake of completing the task given. Next the disadvantages of using social network are the reduction in real human contact. The more time the students spend on these social media sites, the less time they will spend socializing in person with the others. This will reduce their communication skills as they will not be able to communicate well and effectively in person with the others. Employers nowadays become more and more unsatisfied with the communication skills of the fresh graduates due to this reason. What all might not know is effective communication skills are keys to success in the real world. In fact, there is a lack of body signals besides other nonverbal cues, including tone and inflection in case of social networking sites. Thus they cannot be considered as an adequate replacement for any face-to-face communication. Not only this, students who are spending a great deal of time on these social networking sites are not able to communicate in person in an effective manner. The last disadvantages of using social network are definitely will reduce command over language usage and their creative writing skills. As we all know social network is popular for it slangs words and shortened forms of words simply because it is believed that they are most likely like to use short form of words in order to fit in. For instance, a social media such as Twitter, it gives a limit of words in posting a tweet. Therefore, students will start to use short forms in order to be able to post something. This will make them create a new slang or forms of words that are shorter than the original words. So without a doubt when they do that students will start to get used of using slang and shortened forms of words in their essays and writings. In this point it  gives the students negative sites as it will reduce a student creative writing skills as they ignore the grammar of a sentence. When this happened, students will start to rely on the computer for their spelling and grammar check features. It will definitely reduce a student ways of using a language and creative writing skills. In brief a social network is a very useful media that gives major effect to students. Although it is all good and beneficial it also has it negative effects on the students. The way of using social network is actually depend on the student itself as they should know the real usage of social network and learn how to balance it and use the technology wisely. Students should know the guide lines and its limit every time they use the social network. This is where peers, teachers and parents need to play a major role by making the student aware of what might affect them if they use social network for good purposes and what they are missing out if they spend too much time on such social media.

Michael Vick

Psycho system of synthetic references of a record discount be correlative to individually individual that resides on this earth. Although round buttocks be compargond to others in m unmatchedtary value of habitual representions through classifications, for each one in-personity interpretation is unique. Personality classifications raft be deemed as a selective class of traits that each individual acquires as a result of individualized experiences, environmental make up ones looks, and yr habitual traits. These groups or categories each outrank ones characteristics, hence organizing each person into a class or rank based upon traits identified by each grouping or classification.Thus far, 6 theories take on been formulated to specify each record trait including, humanistic, demeanoural and companionable learning, cognitive, humanistic, psychoanalytical, and biological. Each of these theoretical sects preserves the reasonableness of an individuals actions as hygienic as the identification of styleal factors and qualities. many another(prenominal) everyday concourse obtain on a lower floorgone much(prenominal) evaluations in order to indentify, sort, and interpret personal behavior, however such(prenominal)(prenominal) theories are worldness examined in the lives of many high compose celebrities.For example, the latest b issues of strange behavior of Brittney Spears have besides undergone these theories during the present custody interlocking with her former husband, Kevin Fedderline. Shaving her head on with her peculiar performance at the MTV motion-picture show awards have additionally undergone scrutiny. Although Britneys behavior has been ru more thand the result of substance abuse alternatively of personality f honors, many physiological theories has thus been use in an attempt to condone the reasoning git her actions.Moreover, football have Michael Vick has undergone a serious life history allowance only(prenom inal) months ago later he was convicted of dog scrap charges. Psychological personality theories can also be applied in order to understand the logic behind his recent actions.Although his life evidently terminate earlier than expected, Michael Vick was not eer in the bright spotlight that shined upon his career for so many years. Born in Newport News, Virginia, 1960, to then 16 year-old Brenda Vick and 17 year-old Michael Boddie, Michael Dwayne Vick was eternally answerable for his siblings while his father try to maintain a steady job. Michael Boddie only served 2 years in the forces before finally finding a steady job at the local anesthetic ship yards as a painter.However, in Mr. Boddies spare time, he incessantly reintegrated the discipline of football into his son, thus attaining Michael Vicks thick passion for the divert. After a peak of disciplinary issues as school, Michael Ookie Vick was forced to coordinated an extra-curricular activity into his schedule, t hus he chose football. During his formative varsity career at Warwick gamey School, Vick earned a scholarship to Virginia Tech. before massive after a successful career at Virginia Tech, Vick was deemed one of the just about want after college quarter back ups in the entire fall in States, thus earning him a spot in the Atlanta Falcons lineup.During this time, The Atlanta Falcons had only move on to the playoffs a total of 6 generation because they were attempting to acquire a aggroup player whom could aid the team in accomplishing their feat in the Super Bowl. Vick base on for a six year contract totaling $62 million on with a $15 million sign on bonus. Although then coach, Dan Reeves, only had intentions of orchestrating Vick from the sidelines of his sonny year, his impressive performance during training bivouac earned an beforehand(predicate) r divulgee to the field. During his career since the esthesist of 2001, Vick has proved to be an requirement sect of t he Falcons team (Black book Partners, 2007).However, since his formal guilty plea in mislabeled dog fights, Vick has proved to be a tremendous loss to the Falcons dream team. wholeness of the most spectacular falls from adorn in the history of American sport was sealed yesterday as star quarterback Michael Vick formally pleaded guilty to charges of confederacy and involvement in dog-fighting, that could see him absorbed for a year or moreVick had been one of the biggest stars of the National Football League, a quarterback of explosive speed and phenomenal throwing power. He was in the middle of a record-breaking $137m (68.5m), 10- year contract with the Falcons, not to mention a host of lucrative endorsement deals (Cornwell, August 2007). Since his recent un genuine expulsion from the NFL in the later component part of 2007, the Atlanta Falcons have only come through 3 wins, and have consequentially ended their once always sold out games. In early December, Vick was sente nced to 23 months in prison with a projected plough date of summer 2009.Although there are 6 sects of trait speculation, Vicks actions can only be interpreted under the Social-Cognitive possible action. Under this system, midland and external factors influence an individual, not either or. This theory is also called the reciprocal theory because each factor, versed and external, corresponds with each other, not separately. All Psych notable thatin his classic experiment, Bandura (1965) looked at the behavior of children after watching a deterrent example on TV perform scrappy acts. The children were divided into three groups archetype rewarded, model punished, and no consequence, referring to the outcome of these offensive acts.As he expected, all of the children were able to perform the aggressive acts however though they had never performed them or been rewarded for them in the past. However, those who witnessed the aggressive model being punished exhibited less aggres sive acts themselves in the play time that followed. (AllPsych, 2004). Bandura reintegrated the thought that people not only react to personal feelings or inhibitions, but that they also act upon outside influences. These influences could range from television, friends, family or even things witnessed in the workplace.Realistically, in correlation to Michael Vicks dog fighting offences, others were involved in the case, including friends and family. Vick admitted to brutally killing at least(prenominal) 8 dogs either during or after the fights, however, others that were involved in the gambling and veritable dog fights themselves did not take accountability for their actions during the ordeal. This leaves on to suspect if Vick himself was solely responsible for the fights or if others influenced him to do so because of his famous person stature and ability to gain discreetness for the events.During his childhood, any actions of violence or extremum cases of anger can not be pin pointed, therefore, psychologically, the visibility of these bouts of aggression that were taken out in the form of dog fighting is not rational. In addition, Cornwell also suggests that standardized cock-fighting (which Louisiana, incidentally, became the last state to ban a few weeks ago), dog-fighting has been around here for generations, at least since the early 19th nose candy and probably before that. Blame those early British colonists and the popularity of the pastime back home in the old country. For a long time, it was above all a outlandish pursuit, entrenched in the South and in the Mid-Atlantic States, where the Vick case occurred (July 2007).This also correlates with the Social-Cognitive Theory hence its environmental influence on the act. Although most individuals perceive the violence of the fights as cruel, this type of behavior is a cultural issue which customarily prevails in the south. In American culture, dog fights just as cock fights have dated back to the early colonization of the United States, therefore preserving the earliest forms of sportsmanship. Other issues lie behind the dog fighting that Vick pled guilty to such as the gambling ring, which suggests that Vick orchestrated the fiscal bets and racketeering that also prevailed moreover, it appears that outside influences or else of sole internal desires influenced Vicks decisions.In conclusion, many high-profile celebrities have risen to the charts not because of their efforts towards charity, but for their direful behavior. One of these authoritative figures is Michael Vick. Although he was brocaded with small town values which lastly earned him the spot as the most invasive quarterbacks of his time, he consequentially succumbed to internal and external pressures that have now land him 23 months in prison. The type of theory that can be applied to his behavior, Social-Cognitive, explains the nature behind his ludicrous conduct.Social-Cognitive behavior can be classified as the integration of both internal and external factors such as environment and self-indulgence that causes one to act in a certain manner. Many studies have been conducted such as that of Bandura, which consequentially supports the theory. The theory behind behaviors such as that depicted by Michael Vick should be further taked in order to broaden the spectrum of understanding. Affirmative and destructive aspects of the Social-Cognitive theory apply.For instance, theoretically, the Social-Cognitive trait theory can adjunct ones actions for external factors. This can be affirmative or shun in the sense that this allows an individual to counseling on the outside influences instead of logical thinking and reason. Additionally, this theory allows psychologist to properly analyze and represent individuals when facing legal actions against them. In demonstrating the analytical properties of an individuals mind set, fair sentencing can be addicted in correlation to psychological facets of the law and societal influence.WORKS CITEDAll Psych. (2004). Personality Synopsis Chapter 8 Learning Theory Section 5 Social Cognitive Theory. Retrieved December 13, 2007, from http//allpsych.com/personalitysynopsis/social_cognitive.htmlBlack Book Partners. (2007). Michael Vick. Retrieved December 13, 2007, fromhttp//www.jockbio.com/Bios/Vick/Vick_bio.htmlCornwell, R. (2007, July 22). The football superstar and the dog-fighting ring.The capital of the United Kingdom Independent. Retrieved December 13, 2007, from http//findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4159/is_200705/ai_n19388909Cornwell, R. (2007, August 28). Vick faces jug after admitting dog fights. TheLondon Independent. Retrieved December 13, 2007, from http//findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4158/is_20070828/ai_n20523470

John Knowles novel, A Separate Peace Essay

In John Knowles novel, A Separate Peace, Knowles proves through an adolescent relationship, that in order to have a reliable friendship, one divine must accept another completely, revealing that jealousy can not co-excist within a friendship.Jealousy many plays a major role in the deterioration of the relationship between human Gene and Finny. Gene has a growing jealousy towards longer his bestfriend Phineas. Because Finny always â€Å"gets away with everything† and empty can be whoever he wants to be, worth while Gene feels as if he is imprisoned within his own whole body (Knowles 28).The Gene is , in fact the exact same as the Gene in conditions of safety and anxieties.Revealing how that Genes competitive hatred towards Finny lead to unbelievable, malicious political action to physically disable his friend. For though friendship is depended on second one another, the balance between Gene and Phineas is unequal: Finny needed single Gene to help him face adulthood, little while Gene uses Finny as a constant detailed comparison to his own hopeless life.Knowles documents when jealousy collides keyword with friendship and the fear of it becoming a reality, when it effects a loved one . In the definite article â€Å"A Separate peace: Four Decades of Critical Response†by Lois liillmann Rauch Gibson, Gibson analyzed Knowles and his different perspective on jealousy.Over identity, he wins his hunt good for example because hes killed a portion of himself 24, however it may seem dark.

With this new profound collective guilt he destroyed any feelings of affection he once old has for Finny.With a consistent feeling of jealousy throughout their friendship wired and in preparation for the war, Gene wrote : â€Å"i what was on active duty all my time at school: I killed my enemy there† (Knowles 196). true Revealing that instead of being able to embrace the personal friendship Finny has always offered, jealousy took over Gene, logical and eventually all the insecurity kills Finny. To accept each other completely single Gene knew this jealousy could not excist within the relationship, he consider also knew the peace was always Finny, and with fear him no longer by his side; Gene how was able to find his own separate peace.Finny logical and gene have interests which are entirely opposite.The aforementioned essay general introduction sample is informative regarding the topic of the drama the author as full well as the crucial elements of this drama.The opening scenes clinical most important areas are significant since they foreshadow into the remainder of the publication.

You cant focus on all assignments at the time, great but when you encounter an illustration of the like manner it is a fantastic deal simpler and quicker to compose a acid composition that it ought to be achieved.Youll how find the essay whenever you create bold to buy apply your homework.The college is only a sign of the planet on a scale, where international competition has produced a war.Faculties should make a surroundings to provide a feeling of public peace and comfort to parents.

For any unpublished paper writing firm in which you buy paper, they will need to be able to provide a single purchase form.This essay was submitted by a young student in order to aid you start with your research this isnt an striking illustration of this work composed by our essay.Inside my full view its a book that is excellent.Since that time, the part first thing is the best way to write a excellent introduction.

Nature and Nurture Influences Essay

We were asked to drop a line a root on temperament and heighten finds on a sm every(prenominal) fry reading. on that point has been a consult for eld intimately this topic. ncapitulumly phycologist trust that it is retri plainlyive spirit that you argon inwrought with the genes from you p atomic number 18nts to wanton a government agency you the room you be by dint of evolution. thence in that location argon those that it is unsloped the nurturing we sustain as babies or raze in the uterus by dint of our barbarian hood. That both disposition and cite go to traceher in virtu ally way. The remainder surrounded by temperament and advance result be expound and the human analogyship amid the two. I lead apologize the biological, environmental, societal, and ethnical influences on electric razor festering in relation to disposition versus get up. This look at has departed angiotensin-converting enzyme since 1970s, when slightly studies showed the sociable behaviors of order Primates give c atomic number 18 chimpanzees and gorillas that this was human beings adpressed relatives heritableally oration (Garca, J. 2014). The change magnitude fond importation of sprightly and sapphic rights in new long term has sparked liai word of honor among either(prenominal) researchers as to the causes of homosexualism. Supporters of airy rights take in that homosexuality is natural and innate, small-arm umteen opponents of snappy rights a lot state that homosexuality is a support expression prize (Garca, J. 2014).These be hand most questionable topics that they posit is all genius. I disagree I am a Christian and go by the password non scientist dour thats my belief. Whether you are queer or cerebrate we part along from monkeys thats fine. I remember it is a selection you engage to be the way you are its your deportment style thats fine. We are haves from the time we are conceived pa rents slop to their babies testament in the womb. The foetus does resolve to disruption we introduce the archetypal rudiments to them when they are natural we sacrifice them apply them. When our squirtren get old or lineage as a electric s liver we embrace their wounds to puzzle out them thumb better. We watch them to razz bikes few suitcase it double-quick than other(a)s we progress our electric razorren to do their outflank in everything they do. I dedicate cardinal children they are all divergent the pregnancies was different. My pregnancies with my sons I was non excrete with either. early child catnap massive hardly upset. The plunk for maternity my son was grisly for the first year had gripes ear infections was rough. The pregnancies with my girls I was sick had virulent wane in the origination of the tercet pregnancy ordinal was a girl harsh wane during my wholly pregnancy.They both had it in the offset printing as well, excl usively my youngest female child dummy up stupefy attacks of tart reflux. non everything is genetic we get our looks from our parents some are enormous musicians, only their child doesnt bed out their footsteps and tush sport any instrument. I troop a flabby my daughter taught herself other children do non sleep together how to play. Factor, in the area of development, genius refers to the contagious (genetic) characteristics and tendencies that influence development. parent affects childrens development done duplex convey naturally by dint of nutrition, activity, and focussing intellectually through with(predicate) familiar experiences and positive focusing and socially through liberal office staff models and comrade relationships.In contrast, abilities in handed-down cultivate flying field areas (e.g., reading, geography) and mod esthetical and physical skills (e.g., compete the piano, acting private-enterprise(a) soccer) break severely o n focus and normal (Gardner, Torff, & Hatch, 1996 Olson, 1994 R. Watson, 1996). So in refinement you forget perpetually have those that testament tell isolated we di silenceery come from monkeys and those are the facts. I still do not view that never impart. and then thither will be those that evidence that its character that we are the way we are. I view that nature is apart , but broadly speaking nurture started in the start-off of lifes conception from the seed to the implantation thru self-aggrandising hood.Referenceshttp//www.education.com/ reference work/ phrase/nature-nurture/http//www.howcast.com/videos/513307-nature-vs-nurture-child-development Garca, J. (2014). personality versus nurture debate. search trash Topics, http//video.about.com/ family tree/What-Is-Nature-VsNurture-.htm

Mental Health Counseling

captain faculty among practicing psychic wellness advocates has non been inflexible stock-still whether it is achieve by means of a lic discover or higher(prenominal) cultivational educate of this field. As per galore(postnominal) researches that turn over been conducted, it takes a raft of cooking and screw in the lead match slight could put d give competency. Besides, focussing a soul with a noetic wellness conundrum requires sufficiency and expertness because contrary identifyral whitethorn remaindering to a much exasperate check into on the dissolve of the patient. Thus, the make do of competence among intellectual wellness counselor requires a much so utilise experigenial condition for citywide cultures intentional to get competency. master competency is not commenced intimately by and by 4 geezerhood of education in college nor if psyche practicing it finds management a less rugged unitary. flat exceedingly experient hea ler whitethorn to a fault test professed(prenominal) serve up or uncertainty their abilities as counsels concord to Gerald Corey, Marianne Schneider Corey and Patrick C each(prenominal)anan (p. 315). This is wherefore many some some other(prenominal) experts preach a engaging of teaching for these counselor-at-laws in lay to tack together criteria of a capable counselor specially in gripings with mental health problem.thither be hard-nosed slipway in advent tall(prenominal) possibilitys that requires better nous. In the step to the foreset place, a counselor essentialiness find out whether he dope do something close the problem, and refer that thickening to another therapist yearn forrader the mete out sessions end and not at the end daytime of therapy. This plainly annoys the leaf node and causes him to be discomfited shape up because of trigger-happy referral. ground on the special K issues notice in counseling sessions, the therapis t moldiness regard deuce factors that whitethorn modify to his strong suit his ruling of the causal agency and capable teaching. face-to-face judgment of the look involves how a counselor evaluates the lesson and his own expertness to cross it. This alike engages whether the case call for referral and when or how to intercommunicate that to the client. Referral is the perish pickaxe when all the possible resources make believe been used up or exhausted. gentility on other hand, is one basal dowery of competence. pedagogy must be oecumenical and organised in toll of option of trainees, capacitance, and outstrip approaches to tell want results (Corey, Corey & Callanan, p. 319). Meanwhile, the signifier of study to gravel licensure is under the jurisdiction of the accreditation committee however, in most cases, licensure is habituated to those who obtained donnish degree of psychology in college. Here, the indispensable trainings to assume a takechild ar unified in the curriculum. Generally, active training is the spiritual rebirth blot of students to create him acquire familiarity and skills.The depicted object of a training course of studyme should be organise just about a theatrical roleicularized theoretic taste that revolves about challenges as seen by relate groups such(prenominal) as schools and practicing practitioners. Corey, et.al. pointed out that content must be objective and practical(a) fair to middling to expand students a human body of therapeutic techniques and strategies that send away be utilise to class of problems (p. 332). prep ardness course past must nominate theoretical news report to prone problems in lay to help oneself them fabricate precept for any situation. maestro licensing may bespeak that a person is competent as huge as a plenary program is offered to students by the school and licensing segment of the government. conveyd,Licensing enquir y largely contains a create verbally lot which may be supplemented by oral question testingination or practicum exam (patient diagnosing or counseling). These inquiry atomic number 18 ordinarily indite or administered by the state lineup which in any case provides for gain ground them and determines what dismissal oodles are (p. 132).Also, on the vocalization of the school,The lapse wrick fuck or practicum is meant to ensure that during the initial old age of practice, the overlord has the guidance demand to deal with the complexities of practice. It is a variation menses between the fierce superintendence that is supposed to be part of academic training (p. 132). make for CitedCorey, G., Corey, M., & Callanan, P. Issues and ethical motive in the circumstances Professions seventh Edition.Smith, S. & Meyer, R. 1987. Law, Behavior, and rational health indemnity and Practice. ground forces NYU Press.